An upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is an infection that affects the upper part of the respiratory system. This includes the nose, throat, and sinuses.

People commonly refer to URIs as the “common cold,” and a variety of viruses, including rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses, can cause them. Sometimes, bacteria can also cause them.

What are the symptoms of upper respiratory infections?

  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Sneezing
  • Headache
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle aches
  • Watery eyes
  • Post Nasal drip
  • Loss of taste or smell
  • Ear pressure or pain
  • Hoarseness or voice changes
  • Mild chills
  • Nasal itching
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Chest discomfort
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

What are the main causes of upper respiratory infections?

Viruses typically cause upper respiratory infections (URIs), though bacteria can also be responsible in some cases. Here are the main causes:

Viruses:
– Rhinoviruses (the most common cause of the common cold)
– Influenza viruses (causing the flu)
– Coronaviruses – COVID-19
– Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
 – Adenoviruses

Bacteria:
– Streptococcus pneumoniae
– Haemophilus influenzae
– Moraxella catarrhalis

– Allergens
– Environmental irritants
– Close contact
– Weakened immune system

Are upper respiratory infections contagious?

Yes, upper respiratory infections (URIs) are contagious. They can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes.

The viruses that cause most URIs can live on surfaces for a short time. Touching these surfaces and then touching your face can lead to infection.

Practicing good hygiene is important. Wash your hands often and avoid close contact with sick people. This helps prevent the spread of URIs.

What are the treatments for upper respiratory infections?

Treatment for upper respiratory infections (URIs) mainly aims to relieve symptoms. Most URIs are viral and do not need antibiotics. Here are some common approaches to managing these infections:

Some at-home treatments to alleviate symptoms are:

  • Rest
  • Hydration
  • Decongestants
  • Antihistamines
  • Pain Relievers
  • Throat Lozenges and Sprays
  • Humidifiers
  • Saline Nasal Sprays
  • Steam Inhalation
  • Avoiding Irritants
  • Warm Compresses

Medical treatment for upper respiratory infections:

  • See a provider for symptom evaluation and a physical exam.
  • X-rays and other diagnostic imaging, if needed.
  • Prescription for infections and inflammation
  • Secondary ailment treatment for issues such as asthma
  • Nebulizer treatments
  • Vaccines to prevent certain illnesses
  • Healthcare professionals should evaluate those with pre-existing health conditions.